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Fever
is one of the body's most powerful defences against disease. Hyperthermia
artificially induces fever in the patient who is unable to mount
a natural fever response to infection, inflammation or other health
challenges. It is used locally or over the entire body to treat
diseases ranging from viral infections to cancer, and is an effective
self-help treatments for the common cold and flu.
Uses
Hyperthermia-treatment
of disease with heat-is gaining popularity in two diametrically
opposed camps-the sophisticated world of high-tech medicine and
the 'kinder, gentler' field of natural healing. Cutting-edge physicians
are experimenting with a variety of space-age high-temperature treatments
for cancer and AIDS. At the same time, practitioners of natural
healing advocate more down-to-earth heat treatments for ailments
such as colds, flu and other respiratory infections, bladder problems
and urinary tract infections, and other types of infection and inflammation
throughout the body. Many also regard such treatments as a means
of ridding the body of stored-up toxins that presumably cause ill
health.
Procedure
of Treatment
Defined as any
temperature above the body's normal level of 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit,
hyperthermia can be applied to specific trouble spots in the body
or administered globally to create an artificial fever. In a procedure
known as diathermy, high-tech doctors use electrical currents, ultrasonic
waves or microwave radiation to boost the temperature at selected
points in the body. They may also resort to extracorporeal heating,
removing blood from the body, heating it and returning it to the
body at a higher temperature-a procedure that has been used in the
battle against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). To get any of
these treatments, you will probably need to check into a medical
centre. Natural healing practitioners, on the other hand, tend to
favour less exotic forms of treatment that can be given on an outpatient
basis in the office or clinic. The equipment required is typically
nothing more than a bathtub, sauna or steam room. Whole-body immersion
is an especially common approach. It is usually done in a deep,
stainless steel tub. The water is typically heated to between 101
and 108 degrees Fahrenheit, although temperatures as high as 115
degrees are sometimes used if the patient can tolerate them. The
goal is to keep the body temperature between 102 degrees and 104
degrees Fahrenheit for about 20 minutes. Locally-applied hyperthermia
may also be used, for example in the treatment of a hand or foot
wound, and many practitioners use a combination of hyperthermia
and cold baths or compresses to help stimulate circulation. For
example, one leading hyperthermia clinic, the Uchee Pines Institute,
employs the following treatments for headaches. Hot foot bath with
cold compresses to the head. Alternate hot/cold foot bath (three
minutes hot, thirty seconds ice water) and cold compresses to the
head. Alternate hot/cold applications to the head, starting with
hot compresses at the base of the head and ice water compresses
at the face, temples, ears, and forehead. After three minutes, the
areas of heat and cold are switched; the complete cycle is repeated
two more times. Although treatments often amount to little more
than sitting in a very hot tub, do-it-yourself hyperthermia is not
recommended due to the extremely high temperature required.
Treatment
Time: For whole-body immersion, a typical treatment requires
approximately 30 minutes-10 minutes while the body temperature rises
and 20 minutes while the high temperature is maintained. The time
required for other forms of treatment varies widely.
Treatment Frequency: The course of treatment depends on your
problem and the type of therapy. For upper and lower respiratory
infections, patients typically undergo only one or two treatments.
For more serious conditions, however, therapy can take much longer.
Cancer patients typically begin with 15 treatments over a three-week
period followed by a three-week rest. The cycle is then repeated
4 more times.
Benefits
Whole-body hot
water or steam hyperthermia is usually prescribed to combat infections.
Because many germs cannot tolerate high temperatures as easily as
our bodies can, these invading organisms often die from the extreme
heat before any harm befalls the surrounding tissues. While hyperthermia
may not kill all of the invaders, it can reduce their numbers to
a point where the immune system can easily dispatch the remainder.
Other, more intensive hyperthermia treatments are used to treat
viral infections. For example, much research has been done recently
on the use of hyperthermia in the treatment of HIV infections. Some
studies have shown that HIV is temperature-sensitive and becomes
much less active at temperatures above 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit.
In the treatment of cancer, some studies have shown that hyperthermia
can modify cell membranes in a manner that actually protects the
healthy cells and makes the cancer cells more susceptible to chemotherapy
and radiation treatments. Used as an adjunct, hyperthermia may thus
permit lower doses of these potent and toxic forms of therapy. Much
research is also being conducted on hyperthermia's beneficial effect
on the immune system. Researchers have found that although the white
cell count appears to drop immediately following the hyperthermia
treatment, it rebounds strongly within a few hours. Furthermore,
the cells' ability to destroy invaders appears to be enhanced. Among
many natural healing practitioners, hyperthermia is also viewed
as a means of ridding the body of toxins such as pesticides, food
additives, and other chemicals thought to disrupt the immune system.
There is currently no evidence that it works in this manner.
Who Should
Avoid This Therapy?
Although many
of these treatments seem 'natural' and benign,, for some people
hyperthermia can actually be quite dangerous. For example, it should
be strictly avoided during pregnancy due to potential danger to
the unborn child. People with peripheral vascular disease or loss
of sensation should avoid it due to the risk of burns. Likewise,
it is not for those with temperatures regulation problems, especially
the elderly and the very young. You should avoid it if you have
a heart disorder such as an irregular heartbeat or an abnormally
rapid pulse. And it is best to forego this type of therapy if you
have extremely high or low blood pressure. A number of other conditions
can increase your sensitivity to extreme temperatures. If you have
anaemia, heart disease, diabetes, thyroid problem, seizure disorder
or tuberculosis, you may need to either reduce the number of treatments
you take, exercise more precautions, or perhaps seek another method
of treatment altogether. Before beginning the treatments, you should
also give the doctor a list of all the medications you are taking.
High temperatures can increase the impact of certain drugs-theophylline,
for example-to the point where they become toxic.
Side-effects
The risk of
side effects rises with the body temperature; most occur at temperatures
above 106 degrees Fahrenheit. Among the most commonly reported side
effects are herpes outbreaks, liver toxicity, and injuries to the
nervous system. In the very young, there is a risk of seizures.
In the very old, there is a greater danger of heart failure during
the treatments. Keep in mind, also, that those seeking this type
of treatment for an acute illness such as pneumonia may have a more
difficult time tolerating extreme temperatures at the outset. The
treatments can also cause a temporary flare-up of some chronic conditions
such as herpes. However, these initial side effects may subside
after a fever is initiated.
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