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Homoeopathy
is a system of complementary medicine in which disease is treated
by minute doses of natural substances that in a healthy person would
produce symptoms of disease.
Homoeopathy
is a low-cost, non-toxic system of medicine used by hundreds of
millions of people worldwide. It is particularly effective in treating
chronic illnesses that fail to respond to conventional treatment,
and is also a superb method to self-care for minor conditions such
as the common cold and flu.
Uses
Homoeopathic
remedies are extremely diluted solutions (usually 1 part
per million or less) of assorted herbs, animal products and chemicals.
Indeed, the vast majority are so diluted that it is impossible to
detect the original active ingredient in laboratory tests. This
leads to a certain amount of confusion. Many people tend to think
of homoeopathic products as herbal remedies when, in fact, they
contain little, if any, of the desired herb. According to homoeopathic
practitioners, the solutions do continue to hold a 'trace memory'
of the original substance. Mainstream scientists, however, find
them completely devoid of any meaningful amount of medicine. What,
then, can homeopathic remedies do for you? As far as science can
determine, the answer is nothing. On the other hand, advocates of
this therapy say that clinical research has shown certain homeopathic
medicines to be more effective than a placebo (dummy pill) in the
treatment of seasonal allergies, asthma and influenza. Proponents
also claim verified benefits for a variety of other conditions,
from easing labour and childbirth to speeding the healing of a sprained
ankle. Still, these claims have yet to be confirmed by the kind
of broad-based, carefully controlled testing demanded for other
types of medication. There are literally thousands of homoeopathic
remedies, and their alleged benefits cover just about every disease
symptom imaginable. Since they are as safe as bottled water (in
fact, often are bottled water), there's no harm in trying them for
relief of annoying conditions such as colds, flu, headache and indigestion.
It would be unwise, however, to use them as the sole remedy for
any serious medical condition. Not only would you be foregoing the
possibility of a speedy cure when faced with an ailment like an
infection, you would also be risking dangerous complications when
suffering from progressive conditions like heart disease and cancer.
Procedure
of Treatment
Homoeopathic
medicines are available without a prescription, so anyone can read
up on the remedies suggested for a particular symptom, buy them,
and try them on his own. If you visit a homoeopathic practitioner,
however, you will be introduced to a whole 'through-the-looking-glass'
approach to medicine unlike anything in standard health care. A
homoeopathic practitioner (who may be a physician, chiropractor,
or a unlicensed entrepreneur) typically begins by taking a lengthy
medical history, including detailed information on an individual's
temperament, preferences in diet and lifestyle, and emotional state.
From these findings, a 'classical' homoeopathic practitioner will
build a 'symptom picture' against which to match homoeopathy's extensive
array of remedies. More eclectic (or opportunistic) practitioners
may also employ props such as 'electrodiagnostic devices' that beep
and give read-outs when a probe is pressed to the skin. Remedies
(in the form of alcohol or water solutions or sugar pills) are usually
prescribed one at a time, although they may be combined. Homoeopathic
practitioners may rely solely on homoeopathy, or may complement
this approach with standard medicine or other alternative therapies
such as naturopathy. For instance, a homoeopathic physician might
try homoeopathic remedies to relieve a child's ear infection, turning
to antibiotics only if the homoeopathic products fail to work a
cure.
Benefits
Homoeopathy
was developed around 1800 by Samuel Hahnemann, a German physician.
At the time, it was a welcome alternative to the damaging and ineffective
practices of traditional medicine, which included blood-letting,
application of leeches, and purging with high doses of life-threatening
substances, including mercury and lead. At the turn of the 19th
century, little was known about the cause of disease, so Hahnemann
focussed on the symptoms instead. Noting that cinchona, a malaria
remedy, produced malaria-like symptoms when taken by a healthy volunteer,
Hahnemann concluded that 'like cures like': a substance that causes
certain symptoms should also relieve them. He then proceeded to
test a vast number of plant, animal and mineral substances on himself
and others in a procedure calling 'proving', observing the symptoms
they produced and categorizing them as cures for disorders that
cause similar troubles. The idea that like cures like was no new;
it had been suggested by the ancient Greek physician Hippocrates,
among others. But Hahnemann added a twist called the 'Law of Infinitesimals'.
Because large doses of many remedies were quite poisonous, he began
to experiment with smaller and smaller amounts, ultimately coming
to believe that minute doses were actually more effective. Hence
it became a tenet of homoeopathy that the more diluted a substance
is, the more powerful its healing action will be. To maximize the
effect of his remedies, Hahnemann therefore invented a system for
'potentizing' them. Each substance was repeatedly diluted and shaken
until, at the 'higher' potencies, not one molecule of the original
substance remained. For example, a homoeopathic remedy labelled
'12X' has been diluted by a factor of ten, 12 times in a row, to
produce a dilution of 1 part in a trillion. Since it is impossible
for such a solution to have any physical effect, homoeopaths ascribe
the therapeutic action of their remedies of an 'essence', 'memory',
or 'energy imprint' that can mobilize the body's 'vital forces'.
Medical science, on the other hand, attributes any relief either
to coincidence (when an illness runs its course) or the placebo
effect (the power of suggestion). Despite the implausibility of
homoeopathic theories, results of clinical research have not been
entirely negative. In 1997, an international team of researchers
reviewed over 100 controlled studies that had claimed positive results
from homoeopathy. The team deemed 26 of these experiments to have
been designed and carried out according to the most rigorous standards.
By themselves, none of these studies showed homoeopathy to be clearly
effective. However, when taken as a group, they seemed to indicate
that homeopathy produced somewhat greater benefit than placebo.
Noting the lack of any scientific theory to explain the results,
the team simply said they showed the need for more intensive research.
Some baffled scientists commented that if placebo-controlled clinical
trials could show some effectiveness for homeopathy, then the trials
themselves must be subjected to as-yet-unidentified bias on the
part of the researchers. Others simply ascribed the results to luck,
noting that if you perform enough trials, a few will deliver positive
result merely by chance. Proponents of momoeopathy respond that
conventional medicine still uses a variety of drugs that were shown
effective by trial and error long before their mechanism of action
was understood. Homeopathic practitioners also point to vaccination
as an example of 'like curing like', and note that smaller doses
of certain standard drugs (such as aspirin to prevent heart attack)
are more effective than larger doses. To critics, however, there
examples are irrelevant. Neither aspirin nor vaccines would have
any effect if diluted to the strengths found in homeopathic products.
Furthermore, say opponents, homoeopathy's emphasis on matching remedies
to symptoms, and not to underlying disease states, discards the
vast body of discoveries made since the time when Hahnemann proposed
his theory.
Who Should
Avoid This Therapy?
If you choose
to experiment with this therapy, you can rest assured that it is
safe for virtually anyone, including children. If you need to avoid
alcohol, however, you will need to forego homoeopathic remedies
with an alcohol base (tinctures).
Side-effects
Even
placebos have been known to cause side-effects, so there's always
a chance that you could experience an adverse reaction. For practical
purposes, however, the odds are very slim. Unlike vitamins and herbal
remedies, which are sold as 'dietary supplements', homoeopathic
remedies are marketed as over-the-counter medications-but with a
unique exemption from standard regulatory procedures. In 1938, U.S.
Senator Royal Copeland of New York-a leading homeopath-included
a special release for homoeopathic remedies in the landmark Federal
Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, allowing them to be sold without proof
of safety. Today they continue to be marketed without the evidence
of safety and efficacy required of other medications. Their labels
must, however, include ingredients, directions, dilution and at
least one indication (what the medication is to be used for).
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